SKELETON STRUCTURE OF HUMAN BODY
Anatomy of human body.
Skeleton structure
Delve into the anatomy of the human body with our extensive resources. Learn about various systems and structures of skeleton to enhance your understanding of human biology
Bones.
The entire skeleton of the body is made up of these bones. Humans can sit up and walk as they wish by keeping the bones where they are needed.
After all, this bone or joint of bones holds the weight of an entire body. These bones are very hard It is light though. As a result, despite having a lot of bones inside the body, people do not feel heavy. Of course, there is a bit of habit here. When walking from childhood, people get used to carrying their own body, however heavy it may be. The color of living human bones is usually whitish with a slight reddish tinge.
However, most of the bones are red inside.For the treatment of bone or for the treatment of bone diseases, it is essential to have a proper understanding of bone in different places and different types of bone. It is also necessary to know the structure of bones.
bone is usually composed of organic and mineral material. There is also a kind of special salt, phosphate of lime, etc.
Organic matter contains lime and mineral matter contains phosphates of calcium.Depending on the requirement, the unstable hardness depends. The necessary ability to withstand external shocks and stresses is unstable. Like skull, heart bone, rib bone etc.
The more essential the devices inside the body are, the harder it is to cover them. Elasticity is maintained despite the firmness of the bone interstitial gelatin or starch. People can move it at will, twist, and have more resistance in those places. While discussing the theory we have said that bone structure is also a special type theory has a contribution. This tissue helps to make bones dense and firm. It is because of this tissue (connective tissue) that the outer covering of the bone is so strong.
The inner part of the bone is usually thick, liquid or jelly-like. But the color is sometimes red and sometimes yellow. This thick fluid inside the bones is called Bone Marrow. This marrow contains small blood vessels, nerves etc.
And the most significant thing is that this marrow is the kitchen for making essential blood cells in the human body. With increasing age, changes occur in the unstable internal components ie minerals and organic matter.
As the mineral content increases with age, as the bone becomes harder and harder day by day, the organic or callous content decreases, resulting in reduced elasticity and increased susceptibility to fracture. As a result, just as the bones of a baby or young child do not break easily or heal quickly even if broken, the bones of an elderly person are likely to break with minor injuries and do not heal easily. As a result, the elderly should move very carefully and treat the bones of the elderly with great care.
The unstable forms and functions are according to the structure of different parts of the body. As a result, if a human skeleton is completely opened, it will be seen that some are straight, some are hollow, some are long, some are flat, some are curved, some are tube-like. For example, hand and foot bones are strong, hollow and long (Hollow and Long bones), chest rib bones, spine bones, skull bones are sometimes curved and flat bones (Flat bones).
Cartilage
is a bone like bone, but differs slightly in color and softness. Cartilage is not as strong as bone and has more flexibility or elasticity than bone.
Even when firm, they expand when stretched. That is, its elasticity is high. Cartilage, like bone, consists of multiple cells, but with age these cells break down and are replaced by calcified minerals.A newborn baby's body has more cartilage than bones. Later, as the child grows older, the cartilage begins to transform into bone. That is, qualitative changes begin to occur (Ossification).
However, it is also important to remember that not all of the baby's cartilage becomes ossified. Usually these cartilages are in unstable joints. They are either white or mixed in color. Another thing to note here is that cartilage also protects the muscles and ligaments where they are located and protects them from friction. So cartilage has a lot of responsibility in stabilizing the ankle. The main difference between bone and cartilage is softness and elasticity.
Bones (Joints)
It is necessary to talk about bone-joint in the bone-cartilage context. Small-large, long-flat, soft, very soft, firm-extremely firm inconsistencies number more than two hundred. They are connected in different places, sometimes two, sometimes more than two bones. These places or joints are called joints.
As a result of this joint, we can move different parts of the body. That is, our various types of movement are possible due to bone joints. But movement is not possible in all parts of the body equally because all the joints are not equally active. Again, not all contracts are equal. For example, hip joint, knee joint, elbow joint fall into the major joints. Again hand or foot joints
Or joints fall into smaller joints. Again, since not all joints work equally, one joint is not as active as another. And none are active at all. The treaties on this movement can be divided into several parts.
For example, synovial joint, fibrous joint and partial immobility or partialCartilaginous joint.
Synovial joint:
shoulder joint, hand joint, elbowJoints, thigh and knee joints, ankle joints, wrist joints can be classified as movable joints. Because they can rotate as desired (Circular rotation), fold (Flexion), open (Extension), rotate outward (Adduction), rotate inward (Abduction) and rotate backward (Backward movement).
Articular cartilage is present at or near the junction of both bones. The gaps between these joints are called Joint cavity, and a membrane (Synovial membrane) surrounds this joint or the entire joint in an air-tight manner. It is called the membrane that covers the bone-joint, and the membrane-bracket (Capsular Ligament) works as a bracket at this joint, with the help of which we are able to sit, walk, run, write, work, etc.
Articular cartilage plays a key role in this. Just as bearings are used to keep machinery moving and moving, Articular Cartilage also acts as a bearing for our joints.
cartilageIn order to avoid wear and tear due to constant friction and to maintain its softness and smoothness, the synovial membrane, like the oil-absorbing membrane of the bearing, constantly secretes a type of synovial fluid, which moistens the joint or gland. , keeps it smooth and slippery, so there is no erosion there even with hundreds of frictions. Again, since the joint is covered with capsular ligament (Capsular Ligament),
that fluid or juice cannot come out. Sometimes the normal secretion of this juice or fluid is disturbed Either the joint cartilage or articular cartilage is damaged. Rheumatism or various gland related diseases appear.
Partially Movable or Partially Immovable Cartilaginous Joint:
Most of these joints are connected by cartilage. They can be slightly moved or bent, but cannot be moved as desired by active bone joints. For example, the spine joint (vertebral joint). Sacro-Iliac Joint Chest Stabilized Joint etc.
However, due to the presence of a special type of cartilage called soft fibro-cartilage disk (Fibro-Cartilage disk) between the vertebral joints of the spine, even if these areas are not complete, it is not possible to move a little more.
Fibrous Joint:
These joints are joint but cannot be moved. These bone-joints, which are different in shape, such as skull joint (suture joint), leg tibia and fibular joint (Tibia-Fibular joint) etc., are tied with ligaments in such a way that they do not move whether they want to or not.
Note that the skull joint and the tibia-fibular joint of the foot are not the same. In the first the two sided bones are fused with each other like serrated teeth. And in the case of the second side by side bone
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